急性肾损伤2期与3期连续肾脏替代治疗对危重急性肾损伤患者预后的影响比较

目的比较急性肾损伤(AKI)2期与AKI 3期连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)对危重AKI患者预后的影响。方法以2017年2月至2018年10月在本院ICU实施CRRT的56例危重AKI 2~3期患者为研究对象,按照2012年国际改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)制订的新的AKI标准,将患者分为AKI 2期组(26例)与AKI 3期组(30例)。比较两组的预后指标(住院时间、CRRT持续时间、28 d肾功能恢复率、28 d全因病死率)及治疗前后的急性生理学和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACEⅡ)评分,采用Kaplan-Meier法对两组进行生存分析。结果AKI 3期组患者的CRRT持续时间[(188.6±112.5)h vs.(96.3±44.7)h]、28 d全因病死率[66.7%(20/30)vs.15.4%(4/26)]均明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05),28 d肾功能恢复率[36.7%(11/30)vs.92.3%(24/26)]均明显低于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者APACEⅡ评分均明显降低(P<0.05),AKI 3期组患者的APACEⅡ评分[(23.4±3.6)分vs.(19.8±2.1)分]明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);AKI 3期组患者的生存中位时间(34 d vs.109 d)明显短于AKI 2期组(P<0.05)。结论AKI 2期启动CRRT能够明显降低28 d全因病死率,延长生存中位时间,改善患者的健康状况。     

Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography for syndesmosis injury diagnosis compared to conventional computed tomography

BackgroundSyndesmosis injury can lead to ankle mortise instability and early osteoarthritis. Several multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT) methods for measurement have been developed. Weight-bearing cone beam CT (WB CBCT) is an emerging technique that offers the possibility of upright-position scanning and lower doses. This study sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of WB CBCT in syndesmose injury compared to MDCT, with instability confirmed via manual testing upon arthroscopic examination.MethodsThree musculoskeletal radiologists with different levels of expertise prospectively analyzed 11 MDCT and eight WB CBCT scans of the same trauma-afflicted ankles with clinical suspicion of syndesmosis lesion over a period of 5 months. They evaluated 10 methods of measurement in both sides. Syndesmosis was considered pathological on arthroscopic examination in four patients. Correlation between readers was evaluated with intra-class correlation testing (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Capacity of discrimination was assessed by area under the curve (AUC) for all methods.ResultsInter-observer agreement was near excellent for both WB CBCT and MDCT for the anterior tibio-fibular (TF) distance (ICC = 0.781 and 0.831, respectively), posterior TF distance (ICC = 0.841 and 0.826), minimal TF distance (ICC = 0.899 and 0.875), and TF surface (ICC = 0.93 and 0.84). AUC were better for MDCT than WB CBCT in assessing syndesmosis instability for: anterior TF distance (ROC = 0.869 vs. 0.555, p = 0.01), minimal TF distance (ROC = 0.883 vs. 0.608, p = 0.02) and antero-posterior fibular translation (ROC = 0.894 vs. 0.467, p = 0.006).ConclusionsMDCT demonstrated better ability to distinguish pathological syndesmosis than WB CBCT, with the antero-posterior fibular translation the best discriminating measurement. The physiological widening of the contralateral syndesmosis occurring with the WB CBCT upright position may explain these results.     

Effect of wearing a knee brace or sleeve on the knee joint and anterior cruciate ligament force during drop jumps: A clinical intervention study

Background

Knee braces are considered to be extremely useful tools in reducing the shear force of knee joints for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention. However, the effectiveness of sports knee braces and sleeves remains to be identified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of wearing commercialized sports knee braces and sleeves on knee kinematics, kinetics, and ACL force during drop jumps using musculoskeletal modeling analysis.

Major trauma and acceleration of the ageing process

It is well established that numerous factors can affect the rate at which we age biologically. Diet, physical activity, lifestyle and our genes all play a major role in influencing the ageing trajectory and longevity. Major trauma affects millions globally, is the major cause of death in young adults and could influence ageing processes but has largely been ignored by biogenterologists. The long-term health consequences of physical trauma are well known in the medical community, how trauma effects the ageing process at a molecular level is not. It has long been difficult to assess ageing trajectories due to the absence of a biomarker of biological rather than chronological age. Recent advances in epigenetics have helped by identifying specific DNA methylation sites as good indicators of biological age. Recent investigations into the impact of psychological trauma and the associated physical stress on accelerating ageing as measured by epigenetic drift are promising. The physical and metabolic stress which is synonymous with physical trauma may also accelerate the ageing process. We suggest that long term epigenetic profiling is required to understand to what degree the ageing trajectory is altered by trauma, which will in turn add support for the development of novel therapies to improve health outcomes for survivors of traumatic injury.     

当归多糖对D-半乳糖致小鼠胰腺损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨当归多糖（ASP）对D-半乳糖（D-gal）致小鼠胰腺损伤的保护作用。 方法 雄性C57BL/6 J 小鼠随机分为3组,每组10只。D-gal组: 小鼠皮下注射- gal (120 mg/kg, qd×42 d）; ASP+D-gal组: D-gal注射时间与剂量同D-gal模型组,从模型复制第16天起,腹腔注射ASP(40 mg/kg,qd×27 d）;正常对照组: 小鼠皮下注射等量与等时的生理盐水。各组给药完成后第2天检测相关指标,取外周血检测空腹血糖含量并行口服葡萄糖耐量测定（OGTT）;取胰腺称湿重计算脏器指数;制备石蜡切片,HE染色观察胰腺组织病理结构,图像分析法计数胰岛内有核细胞数和相关面积;制备胰腺组织匀浆,检测丙二醛(MDA)含量和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。 结果 从注射D-gal第16天开始,腹腔注射ASP共27 d（ASP+D-gal组）,小鼠胰腺湿重与脏器指数明显降低,组织病理损伤减轻;空腹血糖显著下降;在30 min和120 min的OGTT水平差别不明显;OGTT曲线下面积（AUC）降低;胰岛内有核细胞数减少,单个细胞面积减小;T-AOC活性上升,MDA含量下降。 结论 D-gal可致胰腺结构损伤和功能衰退,ASP能拮抗D-gal从而减轻对胰腺的损伤,其机制可能与减轻氧化损伤有关。     

MACVIA-LR,Reference site of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) in Languedoc Roussillon

The Région Languedoc-Roussillon is the umbrella organisation for an interconnected and integrated project on AHA covering the 3 pillars of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All sub-activities (A1: electronic pharmaceutical file, A2: falls prevention initiative, A3: frailty, B3: chronic respiratory diseases, chronic diseases with comorbidities, oral health and hepatitis virus C chronic infection, C2 and D4 active and independent living and handicap) are included in MACVIA-LR that has a strong political commitment and includes all stakeholders (public, private, patients, policy makers). It is one of the Reference Sites of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing built around chronic diseases, ageing and handicap. The framework of MACVIA-LR has the vision that the prevention and management of CDs is essential for AHA promotion and for the reduction of handicap. The main objective of MACVIA-LR is to develop innovative solutions for a network of Living Labs in order to improve the care of patients affected by CDs in the Languedoc-Roussillon area and to disseminate the innovation.     

非急性期脊髓损伤患者F波与痉挛的相关性研究

目的观察并分析脊髓损伤(SCI)患者F波的最小潜伏期(Flat-min)、F波出现率以及F波的时间离散度(F-CD)等指标与脊髓损伤后痉挛间的相关性。方法分别对29例正常健康者及29例SCI患者的双下肢胫神经F波的Flat-min、F波出现率以及F-CD进行检测,采用Ashworth量表对SCI患者下肢痉挛状况进行评定,并比较F波各参数在SCI患者及正常人间的差异,同时还分析SCI患者痉挛与F-CD、F波出现率以及Flat-min间的相关性。结果SCI患者的F-CD值为(9.2±1.9)ms,正常人的F-CD值为(6.7±1.0)ms,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001);F波出现率在SCI患者与正常健康者间的差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05);SCI患者F-CD与痉挛Ashworth评分呈线性正相关(r=0.79031,P<0.0001);SCI患者F波出现率与痉挛Ashworth评分亦呈线性正相关(r=0.74203,P<0.0001);而Flat-min在健康者与SCI患者间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SCI患者Flat-min与痉挛Ashworth评分亦无明显相关性(r=0.08168,P>0.05)。结论F-CD和F波出现率可作为SCI患者电生理评价中的敏感性指标,同时还可用于SCI患者痉挛程度的评价。     

How do I manage an acute injury to the facial nerve?

Paralysis of the facial nerve is a cause of considerable functional and aesthetic disfigurement. Damage to the upper trunk can result in eye complications with the risk of exposure keratitis. Numerous factors influence the therapeutic strategy: the cause of the injury, the time elapsed since injury, functional impairment, and the likelihood of recovery. We discuss the management of an acute injury to the facial nerve and focus on the surgical options.